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The first Human Cell Atlas study of human early pregnancy has shown how the function of the maternal immune system is affected by placental cells. Researchers at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Newcastle University, and Cambridge University used a genomics and bioinformatics approach to map more than 70,000 single cells at the junction of the uterus and placenta. This has allowed the cells to tell each other how to modify the immune response and enable pregnancy.
Publisher: nature, Which shows a new and unexpected cellular state in the uterus and placenta and shows which genes are switched on in each cell. The insights gained from this can help you understand what leads to a successful pregnancy and what can go wrong with miscarriage or pregnancy addiction.
Maintaining a healthy pregnancy is sometimes challenging for many women who suffer from miscarriage or childbirth and women who have problems such as pregnancy addiction. The source of many of these problems occurs during the first few weeks of pregnancy when the placenta is formed.
The fetus creates the placenta surrounding the fetus in the uterus and supplies nutrients and oxygen. It contacts a mother who has been implanted in the endometrium, known as the eliminator, to facilitate placental blood supply. A study of the interface between mother and fetus can answer a number of important questions, including how the mother's immune system has been modified to allow the mother and the developing fetus to co-exist. But so far this area has not been well researched.
To understand this area, researchers studied more than 70,000 single cells from the first pregnancy. Single cell RNA and DNA sequencing were used to identify maternal and fetal cells in decidual membranes and placenta and how these cells interacted with each other. They found that embryos and maternal cells were using signals to communicate with each other, and through this dialogue the maternal immune system could support fetal growth.
Dr. Roser Vento-Tormo, author of the article at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, said, "For the first time, we were able to identify which genes were active in each cell of the decidua and placenta, To allow the placenta to be injected correctly, allowing the fetus to grow normally as it grows. "
Using microscopy-based methods, the researchers were also able to pinpoint the location of the new cellular state in different layers of the decidual membrane. They saw how a biological block of placenta called a trophoblast cell penetrates into the mother's uterus and changes the structure of the tissue to supply blood for fetal development.
Professor Muzlifah Haniffa, author of Newcastle University, said: "This study was made possible by the Human Developmental Biology Resource, which provides organizations with the ability to study human development to improve their health. You can see the desquamation, the precise cellular organization of the placenta, and how the cells in the placenta and uterus communicate in the first place. This can have a profound effect on understanding what is happening in normal pregnancies and studying what can go wrong in a dictionary situation Ejaculation and miscarriage. "
Ashley Moffett, author of Cambridge University, said, "The formation of decidua is crucial for successful pregnancy, and our study has uncovered a whole new subtype of cells within decidua. How does a maternal immune response affect successful pregnancies? I understand if it helps. "
Understanding this area also makes sense in cancer research. Tumor cells can use similar mechanisms to evade the immune system and extract new blood supplies to supply nutrients and oxygen for tumor growth.
Dr. Sarah Teichmann, co-chair of the Wellcome Sanger Institute and the Human Cell Atlas Initiative Organizing Committee, said, "This early human cell map atlas provides us with a reference map for this important early stage. And maternal cells to understand how to communicate with each other to support pregnancy, can help identify pregnancy disorders and understand the pathways used by cancer cells. "
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Resources Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Note: You can edit content based on style and length.
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